Igikoresho cy'umutekano cyaurubuga rwo guterura

Kugira ngo habeho umutekano w'ikibuga cyo guterura, hari ibikoresho byinshi by'umutekano byaurubuga rwo guteruraUyu munsi turaganira ku bikoresho by'umutekano birwanya kugwa n'ibikoresho by'umutekano:

   1. Igikoresho cyo kwirinda kugwa

Igikoresho cyo kwirinda kugwa ni igice cy'ingenzi cyaurubuga rwo guterura, kandi ni ngombwa kuyishingikirizaho kugira ngo ikureho impanuka zo kugwa mu kazu no kwita ku mutekano w'abayirimo. Kubwibyo, ikizamini cy'uruganda cy'igikoresho cy'umutekano kirwanya kugwa kirakomeye cyane. Mbere yo kuva mu ruganda, ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ryemewe n'amategeko rizapima imbaraga z'amashanyarazi, ripime umuvuduko ukomeye, kandi ripime gukanda kw'impeshyi. Buri gice giherekezwa na raporo y'ikizamini kandi giteranyirizwa kuri ascenseur. Ikizamini cyo kugwa munsi y'umutwaro ugenwe kirakorwa, kandi urwego rwo guterura rukoreshwa aho rwubakwa rugomba kumanuka buri mezi atatu. Igikoresho cy'umutekano kirwanya kugwa cy'urwego rwo guterura kimaze imyaka ibiri gitangwa (itariki cyo gutanga igikoresho cy'umutekano kirwanya kugwa) kigomba no koherezwa mu ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ryemewe n'amategeko kugira ngo gisuzumwe kandi gipimwe, hanyuma kigenzurwe rimwe mu mwaka. Kugeza ubu, abantu bake cyane nibo bohereje kugira ngo bagenzurwe, kandi hari aho bubaka badakora ikizamini cyo kugwa buri mezi atatu, bibwira ko ibikoresho byabo by'umutekano birwanya kugwa ari byiza, ariko iyo habayeho impanuka, barabyicuza. Kuki batagerageza kandi bagatanga kugira ngo bagenzurwe buri gihe hakurikijwe sisitemu? Ni byiza niba ishami rikoresha ritekereza ko atari bibi. Mu by’ukuri, ubwiza bw’igikoresho cy’umutekano kirwanya kugwa bushobora gupimwa gusa binyuze mu isuzuma n’igenzura. Ntibishoboka kumenya niba ari cyiza cyangwa kibi mu mikorere ya buri munsi. Ku bikoresho by’umutekano birwanya kugwa bimaze igihe kinini bikoreshwa, ni byiza kubitanga ngo bigenzurwe kandi igeragezwa rihoraho ni ryiza, kandi ni ukumenya icyo gukora ari bwo bwonyine dushobora gukumira impanuka zikomeye mbere yuko ziba. (Gusuzuma ibikoresho by’umutekano birwanya kugwa bishobora koherezwa kuri: Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura Ireme ry’Imashini z’Ubwubatsi cya Changsha, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi bw’Ubwubatsi rya Shanghai, Kaminuza ya Shanghai Jiaotong, nibindi)

   2. Guhindura umutekano

Ibyuma by’umutekano by’ameza byose byakozwe hakurikijwe ibikenewe mu mutekano, harimo umupaka w’urugi rw’uruzitiro, umupaka w’urugi rw’akazu, umupaka w’urugi rwo hejuru, umupaka w’umupaka, umupaka wo hejuru n’uwo hasi, umupaka wo kurinda umugozi urwanya gucika, nibindi. Mu bwubatsi bumwe na bumwe, kugira ngo hatabaho ibibazo, bimwe mu byuma by’umupaka bihagarikwa n’intoki kandi bigashyirwa ku murongo mugufi cyangwa byangiritse kandi ntibikosorwe ku gihe, ibyo bikaba bingana no guhagarika iyi miyoboro y’umutekano yo kwirinda no gutera impanuka zihishe. Urugero: Akazu kamanikwa gakeneye gushyirwamo ibintu birebire, kandi akazu kamanikwa ntigashobora kwinjiramo kandi gakeneye kwagurirwa hanze y’akazu kamanikwa, kandi umupaka w’urugi cyangwa umupaka wo hejuru w’urugi uhagarikwa mu buryo bw’ubukorano. Mu gihe hari ibikoresho by’umutekano bidatunganyije cyangwa bitarangiye byavuzwe haruguru, biracyatwara abantu n’imizigo. Ubwoko bw’ibikorwa bitemewe n’amategeko ni urwenya ku buzima bw’abantu. Kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago byihishe by’impanuka, hifuzwa ko abayobozi b’ishami bazakomeza ubuyobozi, bagasaba cyane ko urubuga rwo guterura rukomeza kandi abakora bagenzura buri gihe umutekano n’ubwizerwe bw’ibikoresho bitandukanye by’umutekano kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka.

Kugira ngo habeho umutekano w'ikibuga cyo guterura, hari ibikoresho byinshi by'umutekano byaurubuga rwo guteruraUyu munsi turaganira ku gusimbuza vitesi n'ibirahuri, umuvuduko w'agateganyo w'imizigo n'agakoresho kabugenewe:

   3. Kwangirika no gusimbuza ibikoresho n'amasashe

Mu gihe cyo kubaka ahazubakwa, ahantu ho gukorera haba hakomeye, kandi sima, sima, n'umukungugu ntibishobora gukurwaho. Imashini n'ibirahuri birasyana, kandi amenyo aracyakoreshwa nyuma yo gutyazwa. Ibi bigomba gufatwa nk'ingenzi. Nkuko twese tubizi, imiterere y'amenyo igomba kuba nk'igiti cy'icyuma. Iyo yambawe ku bunini runaka, icyuma (cyangwa icyuma) kigomba gusimburwa. Ni ku rugero rungana iki ngomba kureka kuyikoresha ngo nyisimbuze nshya? Ishobora gupimwa na mikorometero isanzwe ya 25-50mm. Iyo uburebure bw'icyuma gisanzwe cyambarwa kuva kuri 37.1mm kugeza munsi ya 35.1mm (amenyo 2), icyuma gishya kigomba gusimburwa. Iyo icyuma cyambarwaga cyashaje, gipimwe n'ubugari bw'amenyo. Iyo uburebure bwa gitansi ari 8mm, ubugari bw'amenyo bwambarwa kuva kuri 12.56mm kugeza munsi ya 10.6mm. Igirahuri kigomba gusimburwa. Ariko, hari ibyuma byinshi "bishaje" aho bwubakwa. Urubuga ruracyari mu gihe cyagenwe. Kubera impamvu z'umutekano, ibice bishya bigomba gusimbuzwa.

   4. Igipimo cy'agateganyo cy'umutwaro

Ascenseur ziri aho bubaka zikunze gukoreshwa kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha kiri hejuru, ariko ikibazo cy'imikorere ya moteri kigomba gusuzumwa, ni ukuvuga ikibazo cy'igipimo cy'umutwaro w'igihe gito (rimwe na rimwe kitwa igipimo cy'igihe cyo gutwika), gisobanurwa nka FC = igihe cy'igihe cyo gutwika / igihe cyo gutwika × 100%, aho igihe cyo gutwika ari igihe cyo gutwika n'igihe cyo kuruhuka. Urubuga rwo guterura ku mazu amwe n'amwe y'ubwubatsi rukodeshwa n'ikigo gikodesha kandi gihora gishaka kugikoresha neza. Ariko, igipimo cy'umutwaro w'igihe gito cya moteri (FC = 40% cyangwa 25%) nticyitabwaho burundu. Kuki moteri idatanga ubushyuhe? Zimwe ziracyakoreshwa nubwo haba hari impumuro yahiye, ibyo bikaba ari imikorere idasanzwe. Niba sisitemu yo kohereza ascenseur idakozwe neza cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kuyikoresha ari nini cyane, iremereye cyane, cyangwa ikunze gutangizwa, ni n'igare rito rikururwa n'ifarashi. Kubwibyo, buri mushoferi uri aho bubaka agomba gusobanukirwa igitekerezo cy'umutwaro w'igihe gito kandi agakurikiza amategeko ya siyansi. Ubwo bwoko bwa moteri ubwabwo bwagenewe gukoreshwa mu gihe gito.

5. Ikiruhuko cy'inyuma (Buffer)

Umurongo wa nyuma w’ubwirinzi ku mutekano w’urukuta rwo guterura rw’agisanduku kuri ascenseur, icya mbere, igomba gushyirwaho, icya kabiri, igomba kugira imbaraga runaka, ishobora kwihanganira ingaruka z’umutwaro wa ascenseur, kandi ikagira uruhare mu gufunga. Kandi ubu ahantu henshi hubatswe, nubwo hari hashyizweho, ariko ntabwo bihagije kugira ngo habeho uruhare mu gufunga, nta gisanduku na kimwe kiri aho bubaka, ibi ni bibi cyane, nizeye ko umukoresha azitondera igenzura kandi ntasuzugure uyu murongo wa nyuma w’ubwirinzi.